Intervallfasten: Effekt oder Kalorienreduktion?

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Shift workers face higher risks of impaired glucose metabolism due to irregular eating habits and circadian misalignment. Time-restricted eating (TRE) could improve glucose metabolism by aligning food intake with the circadian clock, but its effectiveness remains unclear. <b>Methods</b>: Ten electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Science.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from journal inception to September 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving shift workers were included. Meta-analyses with sensitivity analyses were conducted using a random-effects model to pool glucose metabolism and sleep outcomes, with heterogeneity and quality assessments performed. <b>Results</b>: Six RCTs were included. TRE demonstrated positive but non-significant effects on glucose metabolism outcomes: fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.02 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.10, <i>I</i>² = 0%), fasting blood insulin (WMD: -5.77 pmol/L, 95% CI: -85.62 to 74.08, <i>I</i>² = 92%), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.50, 95% CI: -2.76 to 1.76, <i>I</i>² = 82%), 2 h postprandial glucose (WMD: -0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: -3.18 to 1.89, <i>I</i>² = 86%), total sleep time (<i>g</i> = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.37, <i>I</i>² = 0%), and sleep efficiency (<i>g</i> = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.63 to 0.53, <i>

<h4>Background</h4>Recent findings have suggested that implementing the emerging weight-loss strategy of time-restricted eating (TRE) for 6 weeks can have beneficial effects on the key pathophysiologic determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) - namely, pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance. Given the chronic nature of T2DM and the general challenge of long-term adherence to dietary interventions, a critical question is the durability of such effects. Specifically, we seek to determine whether TRE can improve the metabolic health of patients with T2DM over 1 year.<h4>Methods</h4>In this open-label, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, individuals with overweight/obesity and T2DM of <10 years duration will be randomized to either standard lifestyle recommendations or TRE. The TRE protocol will consist of 18 hours of fasting and a 6 hour window of eating (between 2-8 PM) each day. The duration of the intervention will be 52-weeks and participants will undergo metabolic characterization at baseline, 12-24-, 36- and 52-weeks. The primary outcome of pancreatic beta-cell function will be assessed by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2). Additional metabolic measures will include insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis.<h4>Discussion</h4>TRE may represent an adjunct therapeutic approach for improving the metabolic profile of overweight/obese individuals with T2DM while also providing the capacity for modification of its underlying pathophysiology. This

The global prevalence of obesity continues to rise and is a significant risk factor for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the development of new pharmacological therapies, novel strategies are being explored to mitigate the impact of this disease. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a nutritional intervention that has gained popularity and shows potential as an innovative approach to weight management. This study aims to compile scientific evidence on various aspects of fasting, including its physiological effects, the molecular and thermogenic mechanisms involved, and recommendations regarding nutritional strategies during the refeeding period within the eating window. We conducted a narrative review, analyzing evidence available from PubMed/MEDLINE based on studies related to intermittent fasting, thermogenesis, and their associated outcomes. Our results demonstrate the existence of three commonly used IF protocols: alternate day fasting (ADF), periodic fasting (PF), and time-restricted eating (TRE). In addition to its effects on weight loss, IF has demonstrated notable benefits for cardiovascular health, oxidative stress, and metabolic function. Moreover, the interaction between the central nervous system and brown adipose tissue provides an alternative mechanism for the molecular regulation of thermogenesis. Nutritional patterns adopted during intermittent fasting play a crucial role in optimizing outcomes, with particular emphasis on the intake of pr