Intervallfasten: Was ins Essensfenster gehört, damit nichts fehlt

The global prevalence of obesity continues to rise and is a significant risk factor for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the development of new pharmacological therapies, novel strategies are being explored to mitigate the impact of this disease. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a nutritional intervention that has gained popularity and shows potential as an innovative approach to weight management. This study aims to compile scientific evidence on various aspects of fasting, including its physiological effects, the molecular and thermogenic mechanisms involved, and recommendations regarding nutritional strategies during the refeeding period within the eating window. We conducted a narrative review, analyzing evidence available from PubMed/MEDLINE based on studies related to intermittent fasting, thermogenesis, and their associated outcomes. Our results demonstrate the existence of three commonly used IF protocols: alternate day fasting (ADF), periodic fasting (PF), and time-restricted eating (TRE). In addition to its effects on weight loss, IF has demonstrated notable benefits for cardiovascular health, oxidative stress, and metabolic function. Moreover, the interaction between the central nervous system and brown adipose tissue provides an alternative mechanism for the molecular regulation of thermogenesis. Nutritional patterns adopted during intermittent fasting play a crucial role in optimizing outcomes, with particular emphasis on the intake of pr

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a safe and sustainable approach for obesity treatment, yet its weight loss efficacy is relatively modest compared with that of pharmacologic anti-obesity therapies. The synergistic benefits of pairing IF with administration of nutrient-derived metabolites remain poorly understood. Here we report that combining IF with threonic acid (TA), an ascorbic acid metabolite, led to more pronounced reductions in body weight and food intake, as well as improvements in energy expenditure and glycemic control, compared with either intervention alone in diet-induced obese mice. These metabolic benefits were associated with the anorexigenic role of TA in reversing fasting-induced upregulation of the hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and AGRP. In the hypothalamus, TA competed with glucose for uptake via glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), while IF boosted the TA uptake through both glucose depletion and upregulation of GLUT3, resulting in a more robust suppression of NPY and AGRP expression. Collectively, our findings highlight the combination of TA with IF as a promising metabolite-based combinatorial strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of obesity treatment.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Due to variations in the standards for optimal protein intake and conflicting results across studies for Korean older adults, this study aimed to quantitatively integrate existing research on the association of protein intake with sarcopenia and related indicators in Koreans aged 65 and older through meta-analysis.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 23 studies were selected according to the study selection criteria (PICOS). Sixteen cross-sectional studies, 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 2 non-RCTs were included in the review, with 9 out of 23 studies included in the meta-analysis. We used fixed-effects models and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.<h4>Results</h4>A meta-analysis found that the risk of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the <0.8 g/kg/day protein intake group compared to the 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day and ≥1.2 g/kg/day groups, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10 to 1.42; <i>I</i>² = 55%) and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.53 to 2.10; <i>I</i>² = 71%), respectively. For low hand grip strength (HGS), the risk was higher in the <0.8 g/kg/day group compared to the 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day or ≥1.2 g/kg/day groups (OR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.65; <i>I</i>² = 28%). No significant associations were found with other sarcopenia indicators, such as skeletal muscle mass, short physical performance battery score, balance test, gait speed, and timed up-and-go test.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Lower protein intake is ass

<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Muscle loss during hospitalization is a major clinical concern, as it has been associated with reduced physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality. This review outlines the key causes of muscle wasting and highlights practical strategies to support muscle mass preservation during hospitalization.<h4>Recent findings</h4>Physical inactivity, along with reduced energy and protein intake, are the primary drivers of muscle atrophy during hospitalization by suppressing muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Maintaining energy balance is critical to prevent declines in MPS rates and attenuate muscle loss. Preserving habitual protein intake is essential and, when total energy intake is reduced, should be achieved through a more protein-dense diet. Preventing disuse atrophy requires at least some level of daily physical activity. Physical activity sensitizes skeletal muscle to the anabolic properties of protein ingestion, enabling greater use of protein-derived amino acids for MPS. Therefore, frequent in-hospital movements, such as bed-to-chair transfers and walking, should be encouraged. When voluntary activity or muscle contractions are impossible, exercise mimetics, like neuromuscular electrical stimulation, may be applied to stimulate muscle activity and limit muscle mass loss.<h4>Summary</h4>Preserving muscle mass during hospitalization requires a multimodal approach: achieving energy balance, maintaining protein intake, minimizing muscle disuse

Dietary protein is crucial in preserving muscle mass and promoting long-term bone health, particularly in aging populations. The novelty of this study lies in evaluating the impact of varying protein intake levels (0.8 vs. 1.2 g/kg b.w/d) on muscle mass composition in elderly females suffering from sarcopenia. For this purpose, in this research trial, a total of 126 participants (60-75 years) were enrolled and equally divided into two groups: normal protein intake (0.8 g/kg b.w/d) and moderately high protein intake (1.2 g/kg b.w/d) for 12 weeks. The effects of dietary protein were assessed using anthropometric measurements, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), handgrip, and knee flexion tests with baseline and post-intervention comparisons. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing paired sample t-test at a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. Results indicated a significant improvement in muscle mass composition with moderately high protein intake. Anthropometric parameters, including body mass (83.51 ± 4.23 kg) and waist circumference (113.90 ± 10.82 cm), showed notable enhancement in the moderately higher protein group. Muscle function and imaging assessments, such as handgrip strength and knee flexion, demonstrated improved functionality. MRI-derived measurements of the muscle composition of the calf (141.23 ± 4.87 MCSA, mm² × 10⁴) and thigh (258.04 ± 7.26 MCSA, mm² × 10⁴) further confirmed the positive impact of i

<h4>Background</h4>Multimorbidity is the most common chronic condition experienced among older adults. It is unknown which amount and source of protein influences the development of frailty and mortality in patients with multimorbidity. We aimed to examine the association of plant and animal sources of protein intake with frailty and mortality among this type of patients.<h4>Methods</h4>This longitudinal study included 1868 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort in Spain with multimorbidity, defined as having 2 or more clinician-diagnosed chronic diseases. Habitual diet was assessed at baseline (2008-2010) with a validated computerized diet history. Participants underwent repeated physical examinations (in 2013, 2015 and 2017) for assessment of frailty (≥ 3 criteria from the frailty phenotype: low physical activity, slow walking speed, muscle weakness, weight loss and exhaustion). All-cause mortality was assessed up to January 2022. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models and multistate models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors.<h4>Results</h4>Mean consumption of protein was 90.2 (standard deviation [SD]: 26.8) g/day, which represents 18.7% of the total energy intake and 1.23 (0.39) g per kg of body weight per day. Plant protein represented 6.16% of the energy intake, while animal protein represented 12.5%. During a median follow-up of 12.9 (range: 11.7-13.9) years, we documented 196 incident cases of f

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Shift workers face higher risks of impaired glucose metabolism due to irregular eating habits and circadian misalignment. Time-restricted eating (TRE) could improve glucose metabolism by aligning food intake with the circadian clock, but its effectiveness remains unclear. <b>Methods</b>: Ten electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Science.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from journal inception to September 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving shift workers were included. Meta-analyses with sensitivity analyses were conducted using a random-effects model to pool glucose metabolism and sleep outcomes, with heterogeneity and quality assessments performed. <b>Results</b>: Six RCTs were included. TRE demonstrated positive but non-significant effects on glucose metabolism outcomes: fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.02 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.10, <i>I</i>² = 0%), fasting blood insulin (WMD: -5.77 pmol/L, 95% CI: -85.62 to 74.08, <i>I</i>² = 92%), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.50, 95% CI: -2.76 to 1.76, <i>I</i>² = 82%), 2 h postprandial glucose (WMD: -0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: -3.18 to 1.89, <i>I</i>² = 86%), total sleep time (<i>g</i> = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.37, <i>I</i>² = 0%), and sleep efficiency (<i>g</i> = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.63 to 0.53, <i>

<h4>Background</h4>Recent findings have suggested that implementing the emerging weight-loss strategy of time-restricted eating (TRE) for 6 weeks can have beneficial effects on the key pathophysiologic determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) - namely, pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance. Given the chronic nature of T2DM and the general challenge of long-term adherence to dietary interventions, a critical question is the durability of such effects. Specifically, we seek to determine whether TRE can improve the metabolic health of patients with T2DM over 1 year.<h4>Methods</h4>In this open-label, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, individuals with overweight/obesity and T2DM of <10 years duration will be randomized to either standard lifestyle recommendations or TRE. The TRE protocol will consist of 18 hours of fasting and a 6 hour window of eating (between 2-8 PM) each day. The duration of the intervention will be 52-weeks and participants will undergo metabolic characterization at baseline, 12-24-, 36- and 52-weeks. The primary outcome of pancreatic beta-cell function will be assessed by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2). Additional metabolic measures will include insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis.<h4>Discussion</h4>TRE may represent an adjunct therapeutic approach for improving the metabolic profile of overweight/obese individuals with T2DM while also providing the capacity for modification of its underlying pathophysiology. This